Arab fascism
Arab fascism (Arabic: الفاشية العربية) is a far-right ideology combining fascism with Arab nationalism.
History[edit]
The ideology emerged after World War I and grew during the interwar period. Arab fascists were heavily antisemitic and anti-Turkish.[1][2] Arab fascists became more Antisemitic after 1948, where Arab fascism grew with support from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Works such as The Protocols of the Elders of Zion also gained in popularity.[3][4][5][6] Arab fascism first grew in Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Palestine, and Egypt.[7][8][9][10] Some Arab fascists incorporated Islamism into their nationalism,[11] while some embraced secularism.[12]
Ba'athism was described as being inspired by Arab fascism, although with the addition of socialism.[13][14] Michel Aflaq had purchased a copy of The Myth of the Twentieth Century.[15]
Notable Arab fascists include Amin al-Husseini, Abd al-Razzaq al-Dandashi, Saib Shawkat, Taha al-Hashimi, Rashid Ali al-Gaylani. Gamal Abdel Nasser was accused of being a fascist by his opponents, and Saddam Hussein was described as a fascist.[16][17]
References[edit]
- ^ International Journal of Middle East Studies 42 (2010), 311-32
- ^ Bekdil, Burak (14 January 2018). "Turkey, the Arab World Is Just Not That into You". Middle East Forum.
- ^ Achim Rohde: State-Society Relations in Ba'thist Iraq: Facing Dictatorship, London / New York 2010.
- ^ Islamstudien ohne Ende, ed. Rainer Brunner et al. (= Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 54,1), Würzburg 2002, 517-528.
- ^ Gershoni / James P. Jankowski: Confronting Fascism in Egypt: Dictatorship Versus Democracy in the 1930s, Stanford 2010;
- ^ Peter Wien: Iraqi Arab Nationalism: Authoritarian, Totalitarian and Pro-Fascist Inclinations, 1932-1941, London / New York 2006.
- ^ Jankowski & Gershoni 1995, p. 69.
- ^ Rabinovich, The war for Lebanon (1989), p. 80
- ^ "Near East: Trouble in Paradise". Time. 21 April 1941.
- ^ René Wildangel: Zwischen Achse und Mandatsmacht: Palästina und der Nationalsozialismus, ed. by Zentrum Moderner Orient (= ZMO- Studien 24), Berlin 2007.
- ^ Jankowski 1975, p. 49.
- ^ Hourani, p. 326
- ^ Wistrich, Robert S. (2003). "The Old-New Anti-Semitism". The National Interest (72): 59–70. ISSN 0884-9382. JSTOR 42897483.
- ^ Terrill, W. Andrew (2012). Lessons of the Iraqi De-Ba'athification Program for Iraq's Future and the Arab Revolutions. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College. ISBN 978-1-58487-527-7.
- ^ Wild 1985, p. 131.
- ^ "Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser Was a Towering Figure Who Left an Ambiguous Legacy". jacobin.com. Retrieved 2024-04-27.
- ^ "This link between Islamist zealot and secular fascist just doesn't add up | Politics | The Guardian". amp.theguardian.com. Retrieved 2024-04-27.
Bibliography[edit]
- Jankowski, James P. (1975). Egypt's Young Rebels: "Young Egypt": 1933-1952. Hoover Institution Press. ISBN 9780817914516.
- Jankowski, James; Gershoni, Israel (1995). Redefining the Egyptian nation, 1930-1945. Cambridge Middle East Studies. ISBN 9780521475358.
- Wild, Stefan (1 Jan 1985). "National Socialism in the Arab Near East Between 1933 and 1939". Die Welt des Islams. 25 (1–4): 126–173. doi:10.1163/157006085X00053. JSTOR 1571079 – via JSTOR.