Vovchansk
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Vovchansk
Вовчанськ | |
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City | |
.jpg) Skyline of Vovchansk in 2015 | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Vovchansk Location of Vovchansk in Ukraine  Vovchansk Vovchansk (Ukraine) | |
| Coordinates: 50°17′16″N 36°56′34″E / 50.28778°N 36.94278°E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Kharkiv Oblast |
| Raion | Chuhuiv Raion[1] |
| Hromada | Vovchansk urban hromada |
| Area | |
| • Total | 70.3 km2 (27.1 sq mi) |
| Population (2022) | |
| • Total | 17,459 |
| • Density | 248.35/km2 (643.2/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Area code | +380 5741 |
| Website | Official website |
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Vovchansk (Ukrainian: Вовчанськ, pronounced [wou̯ˈt͡ʃɑnʲsʲk]) is a city in Chuhuiv Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Vovchansk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[2] Population: 17,459 (2022 estimate).[3]
History[edit]
Vovchansk was first settled in 1674 under the Russian Empire when a territory of Belgorod Monastery was provided to Ukrainian migrants from Dnieper Ukraine led by Martyn Starochudny.[4] The settlement was named as Vovche and designated as a guarding settlement.[4]
In April 1780 it was officially renamed as Vovchansk and became an administrative centre of Volchansk uyezd in the Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire. The year 1780 is considered by the Verkhovna Rada as the official date of the city establishment.[5] Between 1674 and 1780 a lot of changes took place and the borders of the Russian Empire moved away from the settlement.[citation needed]
In 1896 a Belgorod – Donbas railroad was installed through the town.[4]
A local newspaper has been published here since February 1918.[6]
It became a part of the Donets-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic, although in spring 1918 it was occupied by German troops. This lasted until November 1918.[citation needed]
On April 12, 1923, an administrative-territorial reform was carried out in Ukraine. Vovchansk district was divided into 8 districts: Bilokolodyazhkyi, Velykoburlutskyi, Vovchanskyi, Zhovtnevyi, Pechenizkyi, Rubizhne, Khotimlianskyi, and Shypuvativskyi.[7] In 1923, as part of the administrative reform, it became a district center. As of January 1, 1924, the population of Vovchansk district was 27,329 people. The town suffered as a result of the genocide of the Ukrainian people committed by the USSR government in 1932-1933, the number of identified victims in Vovchansk, Zavody Pershi, Zavody Druhi, Chapliivka, and Herhelivka was 1789 people.
During World War II, Vovchansk was occupied by the Wehrmacht on June 10, 1942 in the aftermath of the German victory at the Second Battle of Kharkov. It was liberated by the Red Army in August 1943 during the Fourth Battle of Kharkov.
In 1964, the construction of two reinforced concrete bridges over the Vovcha River on Lenin and Gagarin streets was completed and the district House of Culture was built. In 1966, the city's population amounted to 20600 people. In 1979, Vovchansk had a carriage factory, a building materials factory, an asphalt plant, an oil extraction plant, a bread factory, a butter factory, a shoe factory, a cotton factory, a furniture factory, a meat processing plant, a bakery, and a district agricultural machinery, a consumer services plant, 8 a medical school, an aviation school, a technical school of agricultural mechanization, three medical institutions, a House of Culture, six clubs, a cinema, and 14 libraries.[citation needed]
The economic crisis that began in 2008 hit the local industry. A dairy factory that was built here by Soviet Union[8] stopped work and in December 2009 ceased to exist.[9]
The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven. The area of Vovchansk Raion was merged into Chuhuiv Raion.[10][11]
Russo-Ukrainian War[edit]
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Until 18 July 2020, Vovchansk was the administrative center of Vovchansk Raion. Vovchansk was occupied by Russia during the opening days of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. It was retaken by Ukrainian forces on 11 September 2022 as part of a major counteroffensive in the Kharkiv Oblast.[4][12]
On 10 May 2024, the Russian military launched a new offensive near Vovchansk, with the speculated goal of establishing a buffer zone at least 10km from the Russian border, according to a Ukrainian military source. Vovchansk is a focal point of the offensive, seeing heavily increased bombardment of the city.[13]On 12 May, Russian forces entered northern Vovchansk and established a foothold in the city by seizing the Vovchansk Meat Processing Plant, with unverified reports claiming that the Russians had also seized the local shoe factory by the morning of 13 May and penetrated as far as the northern bank of the Vovcha River by the morning of May 13.[14]
Demographics[edit]
As of the 2001 Ukrainian census, the town had a population of 20,484 inhabitants. Over 80% of the population were Ukrainians, ethnic Russians are the second largest group, followed by Armenians. In terms of spoken languages, 82% of the city's inhabitants declared Ukrainian as their first language, while roughly 16% considers Russian as their native tongue. The exact ethnic and linguistic composition was:[15][16]
Notable people[edit]
- Alexandra Snezhko-Blotskaya, animated films director (21 February 1909 — 29 December 1980)
- Orest Somov, writer (gothic and gothic-romantic genres) (21 December 1793 — 8 June 1833)
- Vasyl Babenko (1877 — 1955), Imperial Russian archeologist, born in Vovchansk
- Edward Balcerzan (1937), Polish literary critic and poet
- Artem Pyvovarov (born 28 June 1991), new wave singer and composer
Gallery[edit]
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Historical building -
A school in Vovchansk -
Vovchansk Palace of Culture -
Orthodox Church in Vovchansk -
Zemska Executive in Vovchansk -
Sunflower oil refinery in Vovchansk -
Vovchansk Post Office -
Main street -
Vovchansk Bus Station -
Bus stop (renovated in 2021) -
Bohdana Khmelnytskoho Street in Vovchansk -
The city of Vovchansk on the Vovcha (Wolf) river -
Vovchansky Reserve -
Memorial plaque on the former house of Oles Dosvitnii, a Ukrainian politician who was a victim of Stalinist terror
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See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Where did 354 districts disappear to? Anatomy of loud reform, Glavcom (7 August 2020) (in Ukrainian)
- ^ "Волчанская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ a b c d Petro Tronko. Vovchansk (ВОВЧАНСЬК). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2003
- ^ Vovchansk. Verkhovna Rada.
- ^ № 3147. «Хлебороб» // Летопись периодических и продолжающихся изданий СССР 1986—1990. Часть 2. Газеты. М., «Книжная палата», 1994. стр.412
- ^ Мартиролог. Харківська область Archived 2014-02-23 at the Wayback Machine. — С. 522—566
- ^ Волчанск // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / под ред. А. М. Прохорова. 3-е изд. том 5. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1971. стр.333
- ^ Нерентабельные кормилицы. В Волчанском районе закрылся молокозавод, и селянам приходится вырезать коров // «Объектив» (Харьков) от 12 декабря 2009
- ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
- ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
- ^ "Russia Delivers 30 Tonnes of Humanitarian Aid to Kharkiv Region – Ministry". 3 March 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine updates: Russia launches Kharkiv ground offensive". DW News. 10 May 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
- ^ Grace Mappes; Nicole Wolkov; Karolina Hird; Frederick W. Kagan (2024-05-13). ""Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, May 13 2024"". understandingwar.org. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
Geolocated footage published on May 12 shows that Russian forces seized the Vovchansk Meat Processing Plant in northern Vovchansk, and Russian milbloggers claimed that Russian forces also captured a shoe factory in northern Vovchansk on the morning of May 13 and advanced into central Vovchansk up to the northern (right) bank of the Vovcha River by the evening.
- ^ "Національний склад міст". Datatowel.in.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2024-03-02.
- ^ "Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001" [All-Ukrainian population census 2001]. 2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2024-03-02.
External links[edit]
Media related to Vovchansk at Wikimedia Commons
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